THE EFFECT OF SELENIUM AND VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION ON HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS OUTCOMES

Abstract

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT, Autoimmune thyroiditis) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive thyroid dysfunction. The global prevalence of HT has been steadily increasing, potentially due to improved diagnostic capabilities and rising environmental risk factors such as iodine intake, stress, and vitamin D deficiency. Recent studies suggest that selenium and vitamin D supplementation may play a role in modulating immune responses and improving clinical outcomes in HT patients. This paper examines the effects of these micronutrients on thyroid hormone levels, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) titers, and overall patient well-being. A systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies highlights the potential benefits of selenium and vitamin D in reducing autoantibody levels, improving thyroid function, and alleviating symptoms. While results are promising, further research is needed to establish optimal dosages and long-term safety profiles.